ARES BASE: Pressurized Agricultural Facilities
Advanced LED Grow Systems for Mars Food Production
# ARES BASE: Pressurized Agricultural Facilities
Advanced LED Grow Systems for Mars Food Production
π Executive Summary
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| **Total Growing Area** | 2,400 mΒ² (Year 1) β 8,500 mΒ² (Year 3) |
| **Crew Supported** | 40 nominal, scalable to 200 |
| **Nutritional Coverage** | 55% Year 1 β 92% Year 3 |
| **Caloric Production** | 88,000 kcal/day (Year 1) β 294,000 kcal/day (Year 3) |
| **LED Power Consumption** | 380 kW (Year 1) β 1,200 kW (Year 3) |
| **LED Efficiency** | 3.2 ΞΌmol/J photosynthetic photon flux |
| **Water Consumption** | 1,800 kg/day (98% recycled) |
| **COβ Consumption** | 120 kg/day (from crew + ISRU) |
| **Oβ Production** | 85 kg/day (supplements MOXIE) |
| **Operating Pressure** | 70 kPa (enriched Oβ atmosphere) |
| **Redundancy** | N+1 environmental systems, distributed modules |
1. Facility Architecture Overview
1.1 Modular Greenhouse Complex
ARES AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX - MASTER LAYOUT
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:
ββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β CORE PRINCIPLES: β
β β
β 1. MODULARITY - Standardized units for easy expansion β
β 2. REDUNDANCY - No single point of failure for food production β
β 3. INTEGRATION - Tight coupling with life support systems β
β 4. EFFICIENCY - Maximum yield per watt, per liter, per cubic meter β
β 5. RESILIENCE - Pathogen isolation, pest containment β
β 6. FLEXIBILITY - Reconfigurable for changing nutritional needs β
β β
β ATMOSPHERIC STRATEGY: β
β βββ Operating pressure: 70 kPa (vs 101 kPa Earth sea level) β
β βββ Oβ partial pressure: 21 kPa (same as Earth - 30% Oβ) β
β βββ COβ partial pressure: 0.12 kPa (1,200 ppm - 3Γ Earth ambient) β
β βββ Nβ partial pressure: 48.88 kPa (buffer gas) β
β βββ Benefits: Reduced structural mass, enhanced photosynthesis β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
FACILITY LAYOUT - YEAR 3 FULL BUILD:
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β ARES AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX β
β (Top View - 8,500 mΒ²) β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β NORTH (Regolith berm shielding) β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ β β
β β β LEAFY β β LEAFY β β LEAFY β β LEAFY β β β
β β β GREENS β β GREENS β β GREENS β β GREENS β β β
β β β MODULE β β MODULE β β MODULE β β MODULE β β β
β β β LG-1 β β LG-2 β β LG-3 β β LG-4 β β β
β β β 400 mΒ² β β 400 mΒ² β β 400 mΒ² β β 400 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββ¬ββββββ βββββββ¬ββββββ βββββββ¬ββββββ βββββββ¬ββββββ β β
β β β β β β β β
β β ββββββββ¬βββββββ΄βββββββ¬βββββββ΄βββββββ¬βββββββ β β
β β β β β β β
β β ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄βββββββββββββ β β
β β β MAIN SERVICE CORRIDOR β β β
β β β (Utilities, nutrient delivery, harvesting) β β β
β β ββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββββββ¬βββββββββββββ β β
β β β β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β FRUITING ββββ FRUITING ββββ ROOT ββββ ROOT β β β
β β β CROPS ββββ CROPS ββββ CROPS ββββ CROPS β β β
β β β MODULE ββββ MODULE ββββ MODULE ββββ MODULE β β β
β β β FC-1 ββββ FC-2 ββββ RC-1 ββββ RC-2 β β β
β β β 500 mΒ² ββββ 500 mΒ² ββββ 400 mΒ² ββββ 400 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β β β β
β β ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄βββββββββββββ β β
β β β CENTRAL PROCESSING HUB β β β
β β β βββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββββββ β β β
β β β β Nutrientβ β Climate β β Harvest β β Seed β β β β
β β β β Mixing β β Control β β Process β β Storage β β β β
β β β βββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββββββ βββββββββββ β β β
β β β 600 mΒ² β β β
β β ββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββββββ¬ββββββββββββββ¬βββββββββββββ β β
β β β β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β LEGUME ββββ LEGUME ββββ CEREAL ββββ CEREAL β β β
β β β CROPS ββββ CROPS ββββ CROPS ββββ CROPS β β β
β β β MODULE ββββ MODULE ββββ MODULE ββββ MODULE β β β
β β β LEG-1 ββββ LEG-2 ββββ CER-1 ββββ CER-2 β β β
β β β 350 mΒ² ββββ 350 mΒ² ββββ 450 mΒ² ββββ 450 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β β β β
β β ββββββββ΄βββββββ¬βββββββ΄βββββββ¬βββββββ΄βββββββ β β
β β β β β β β β
β β βββββββ΄ββββββ βββββββ΄ββββββ βββββββ΄ββββββ βββββββ΄ββββββ β β
β β β AQUATIC β β PROTEIN β β NURSERY β β RESEARCH β β β
β β β SYSTEMS β β (Insect/ β β AND β β AND β β β
β β β (Algae/ β β Fungi) β β SEEDING β β BIOTECH β β β
β β β Fish) β β β β β β β β β
β β β 300 mΒ² β β 250 mΒ² β β 200 mΒ² β β 150 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ βββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β SOUTH (Connection to main habitat via pressurized tunnel) β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β MODULE SUMMARY: β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β MODULE TYPE β COUNT β AREA EACH β TOTAL AREA β % OF TOTAL β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββͺββββββββͺββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββ β
β β Leafy Greens β 4 β 400 mΒ² β 1,600 mΒ² β 18.8% β β
β β Fruiting Crops β 2 β 500 mΒ² β 1,000 mΒ² β 11.8% β β
β β Root Crops β 2 β 400 mΒ² β 800 mΒ² β 9.4% β β
β β Legumes β 2 β 350 mΒ² β 700 mΒ² β 8.2% β β
β β Cereals/Grains β 2 β 450 mΒ² β 900 mΒ² β 10.6% β β
β β Aquatic Systems β 1 β 300 mΒ² β 300 mΒ² β 3.5% β β
β β Protein Facility β 1 β 250 mΒ² β 250 mΒ² β 2.9% β β
β β Nursery/Seeding β 1 β 200 mΒ² β 200 mΒ² β 2.4% β β
β β Research/Biotech β 1 β 150 mΒ² β 150 mΒ² β 1.8% β β
β β Central Hub β 1 β 600 mΒ² β 600 mΒ² β 7.1% β β
β β Vertical Farms β 8 β 250 mΒ² β 2,000 mΒ² β 23.5% β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β TOTAL β 25 β - β 8,500 mΒ² β 100.0% β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ1.2 Phased Construction Timeline
AGRICULTURAL FACILITY EXPANSION PHASES
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE:
ββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β PHASE 1: FOUNDATION (Months 1-6) β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β INITIAL DEPLOYMENT: β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β LEAFY β β LEAFY β β NURSERY β β β
β β β GREENS-1 β β GREENS-2 β β MODULE β β β
β β β 400 mΒ² β β 400 mΒ² β β 200 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β VERTICAL β β CENTRAL HUB (PARTIAL) β β β
β β β FARM-1 β β 300 mΒ² β β β
β β β 250 mΒ² β β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β PHASE 1 TOTALS: β β
β β βββ Growing area: 1,550 mΒ² (+ 600mΒ² vertical = 2,150 mΒ² effective)β β
β β βββ LED power: 280 kW installed β β
β β βββ Crew nutrition: 35-40% coverage β β
β β βββ Crop focus: Fast-growing greens, microgreens, herbs β β
β β βββ Timeline: Pre-positioned, activated on crew arrival β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β PHASE 2: EXPANSION (Months 7-12) β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β ADDITIONS: β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β FRUITING β β ROOT β β LEGUME β β β
β β β CROPS-1 β β CROPS-1 β β MODULE-1 β β β
β β β 500 mΒ² β β 400 mΒ² β β 350 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β VERTICAL β β VERTICAL β β AQUATIC β β β
β β β FARM-2 β β FARM-3 β β (PARTIAL) β β β
β β β 250 mΒ² β β 250 mΒ² β β 150 mΒ² β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β END OF YEAR 1 TOTALS: β β
β β βββ Growing area: 2,400 mΒ² floor (3,900 mΒ² effective w/ vertical)β β
β β βββ LED power: 380 kW β β
β β βββ Crew nutrition: 50-55% coverage β β
β β βββ Crop diversity: 25+ species in production β β
β β βββ Caloric output: 88,000 kcal/day β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β PHASE 3: DIVERSIFICATION (Year 2) β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β NEW MODULES: β β
β β βββ Leafy Greens 3-4 (800 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Fruiting Crops 2 (500 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Root Crops 2 (400 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Cereal Crops 1-2 (900 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Vertical Farms 4-6 (750 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Protein Facility (250 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Research Lab (150 mΒ²) β β
β β β β
β β END OF YEAR 2 TOTALS: β β
β β βββ Growing area: 5,800 mΒ² floor (8,200 mΒ² effective) β β
β β βββ LED power: 820 kW β β
β β βββ Crew nutrition: 72-78% coverage β β
β β βββ Protein production: 15% from facility sources β β
β β βββ Caloric output: 195,000 kcal/day β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β PHASE 4: FULL CAPACITY (Year 3) β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β FINAL ADDITIONS: β β
β β βββ Legume Module 2 (350 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Vertical Farms 7-8 (500 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Aquatic expansion (150 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Central Hub completion (300 mΒ²) β β
β β βββ Seed bank and genetic repository β β
β β β β
β β END OF YEAR 3 TOTALS: β β
β β βββ Growing area: 8,500 mΒ² floor (12,500 mΒ² effective) β β
β β βββ LED power: 1,200 kW β β
β β βββ Crew nutrition: 90-95% coverage β β
β β βββ Full dietary variety achieved β β
β β βββ Caloric output: 294,000 kcal/day β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
GROWTH TRAJECTORY VISUALIZATION:
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β NUTRITIONAL COVERAGE OVER TIME β
β β
β 100% β€ ββββββββββββ β
β β ββββββ β
β 90% β€ ββββββ β TARGET β
β β βββββ β
β 80% β€ βββββ β
β β βββββ β
β 70% β€ βββββ β
β β βββββ β
β 60% β€ βββββ β
β β βββββ β 55% Year 1 target β
β 50% β€βββββ β
β β β
β 40% β€ β
β β β
β 30% β€ β
β ββββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββββ¬βββ β
β M3 M6 M9 M12 M15 M18 M21 M24 M27 M30 M33 M36 β
β β
β βββββ Phase 1 ββββΊβββββ Phase 2 ββββΊβββββ Phase 3 ββββΊββββ P4 βββΊβ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ2. Pressurization and Structural Systems
2.1 Module Structural Design
GREENHOUSE MODULE STRUCTURAL SPECIFICATIONS
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
STRUCTURAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES:
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β DESIGN REQUIREMENTS: β
β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β PARAMETER β REQUIREMENT β NOTES β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Internal pressure β 70 kPa β Reduced for struct β β
β β External pressure β 0.6 kPa β Mars atmosphere β β
β β Differential pressure β 69.4 kPa β Outward force β β
β β Safety factor β 4.0Γ β Human-rated β β
β β Design pressure β 280 kPa β Burst rating β β
β β Operating temperature β 18-28Β°C internal β Plant optimal β β
β β External temperature β -60Β°C to +20Β°C β Mars surface β β
β β Design life β 30 years β With maintenance β β
β β Leak rate (max) β <0.5 kg/day/module β Atmosphere loss β β
β β Radiation shielding β 500 kg/mΒ² overhead β GCR protection β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
STANDARD MODULE CROSS-SECTION:
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β GREENHOUSE MODULE - LONGITUDINAL SECTION β
β (400 mΒ² Standard Module) β
β β
β Regolith shielding (3m) β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β ββ Multi-layer insulation (MLI) blanket ββ β 10cm MLI β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ£ β
β β β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β LED arrays β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β (suspended) β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β β β β β β β β Light to β
β β βΌ βΌ βΌ βΌ βΌ β plant canopy β
β β β β
β Height β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β 4.5m β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β Growing β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β racks/beds β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β Floor gratingβ
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β Utility space (0.8m) β β β Pipes, wires β
β β β Nutrient, water, drainage β β HVAC ducts β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β Regolith foundation β
β β
β DIMENSIONS (Standard Module): β
β βββ Length: 20 m β
β βββ Width: 20 m β
β βββ Clear height: 4.5 m (allows vertical farming racks) β
β βββ Floor area: 400 mΒ² β
β βββ Total volume: 1,800 mΒ³ β
β βββ Growing volume: 1,600 mΒ³ (excluding utilities) β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
STRUCTURAL SHELL COMPOSITION:
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β WALL/ROOF ASSEMBLY (Inside β Outside) β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β LAYER β THICKNESS β MATERIAL β FUNCTION β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββͺββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββββββͺββββββββββββ β
β β β β β β β
β β 1. Interior finish β 3 mm β Antimicrobial β Hygiene, β β
β β β β polymer coating β cleanable β β
β β β β β β β
β β 2. Pressure vessel β 12 mm β Al-Li 2195 β Primary β β
β β (primary) β β alloy β structure β β
β β β β β β β
β β 3. MMOD shield β 10 mm β Kevlar/Nextel β Micro- β β
β β β β layers β meteorite β β
β β β β β β β
β β 4. Secondary barrier β 5 mm β Stainless steel β Backup β β
β β β β 304L β containmt β β
β β β β β β β
β β 5. Aerogel insulation β 50 mm β Silica aerogel β Thermal β β
β β β β (0.015 W/mΒ·K) β barrier β β
β β β β β β β
β β 6. MLI blanket β 50 mm β Aluminized β Radiation β β
β β β β Mylar (20 layer)β + thermal β β
β β β β β β β
β β 7. Outer shell β 3 mm β Stainless steel β Protectionβ β
β β (weathering) β β 316L β abrasion β β
β β β β β β β
β β 8. Regolith cover β 3000 mm β Mars regolith β Radiation β β
β β (overhead) β β (1.5 g/cmΒ³) β shielding β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β TOTAL (excluding β 133 mm β β β β
β β regolith) β β β β β
β β β β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β THERMAL PERFORMANCE: β
β βββ Overall U-value: 0.08 W/mΒ²Β·K (excellent insulation) β
β βββ Heat loss at ΞT=80Β°C: 6.4 W/mΒ² β
β βββ Total module heat loss: ~10 kW (400 mΒ² module) β
β βββ Offset by LED waste heat: ~15 kW (net heat gain) β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ2.2 Atmosphere Management
GREENHOUSE ATMOSPHERIC CONTROL SYSTEM
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION:
ββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β GREENHOUSE vs HABITAT ATMOSPHERE COMPARISON: β
β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β PARAMETER β EARTH SEA β ARES β ARES β NOTES β β
β β β LEVEL β HABITAT β GREENHOUSE β β β
β β ββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββͺββββββββββ β
β β Total pressure β 101.3 kPa β 70 kPa β 70 kPa β Same β β
β β Oβ fraction β 20.9% β 30% β 30% β Enrichedβ β
β β Oβ partial P β 21.2 kPa β 21 kPa β 21 kPa β Normal β β
β β Nβ fraction β 78.1% β 68.3% β 68.1% β Buffer β β
β β Nβ partial P β 79.1 kPa β 47.8 kPa β 47.7 kPa β β β
β β COβ fraction β 0.04% β 0.4% β 0.17% β Elevatedβ β
β β COβ partial P β 0.04 kPa β 0.28 kPa β 0.12 kPa β 1200ppm β β
β β COβ in ppm β 420 ppm β 4,000 ppm β 1,200 ppm β Optimal β β
β β Ar fraction β 0.9% β 1.3% β 1.3% β Inert β β
β β β β
β β β
COβ at 1,200 ppm is optimal for photosynthesis β β
β β β
Higher COβ in habitat (4,000 ppm) acceptable for humans β β
β β β
Greenhouse exports Oβ to habitat, imports COβ β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
COβ/Oβ EXCHANGE SYSTEM:
βββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β INTEGRATED ATMOSPHERE EXCHANGE DIAGRAM β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββ β β
β β β MOXIE β β β
β β β (ISRU Oβ) β β β
β β β 50 kg/day β β β
β β ββββββββ¬βββββββ β β
β β β β β
β β βΌ β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β β β
β β β ATMOSPHERE MANAGEMENT β β β
β β β CENTER β β β
β β β ββββββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββββββ ββββββββββββ β β β
β β β β Oβ β β COβ β β Nβ β β HUMIDITY β β β β
β β β β BUFFER β β BUFFER β β BUFFER β β CONTROL β β β β
β β β β TANK β β TANK β β TANK β β β β β β
β β β ββββββ¬ββββββ ββββββ¬ββββββ ββββββ¬ββββββ ββββββ¬ββββββ β β β
β β β β β β β β β β
β β ββββββββββΌββββββββββββββΌββββββββββββββΌββββββββββββββΌβββββββββ β β
β β β β β β β β
β β βββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββββββββββ΄ββββββ β β
β β β β β β
β β β BIDIRECTIONAL EXCHANGE β β β
β β β β β β
β β βββββββ¬ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ¬ββββββ β β
β β β β β β
β β βΌ βΌ β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β Oβ: 85 kg/day β β β β
β β β GREENHOUSE β βββββββββββββββββΊ β HABITAT β β β
β β β COMPLEX β β MODULES β β β
β β β β COβ: 120 kg/day β β β β
β β β βββββββββββββ β βββββββββββββββββΊ β βββββββββββββ β β β
β β β β PLANTS: β β β β HUMANS: β β β β
β β β β β β HβO: 1,200 kg/dayβ β β β β β
β β β β COβ + HβO β β βββββββββββββββββΊ β β Oβ + Food β β β β
β β β β β β β (transpiration) β β β β β β β
β β β β Oβ + CβHβββ β β β COβ + HβOβ β β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β
β β β βββββββββββββ β β βββββββββββββ β β β
β β β β β β β β
β β β Consumes: β β Produces: β β β
β β β β’ 120 kg COβ/d β β β’ 40 kg COβ/d β β β
β β β β’ 1800 L HβO/d β β β’ 1.5 kg HβO/d β β β
β β β β β (breath) β β β
β β β Produces: β β β β β
β β β β’ 85 kg Oβ/day β β Consumes: β β β
β β β β’ 1200 L HβO β β β’ 32 kg Oβ/d β β β
β β β (transpire) β β β β β
β β β β β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββ βββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β GAS EXCHANGE BALANCE: β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β COMPONENT β PRODUCTION β CONSUMPTION β NET BALANCE β β
β β ββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββ β
β β Oβ (kg/day) β β β β β
β β βββ Plants β +85 β -5 (night) β +80 β β
β β βββ MOXIE β +50 β - β +50 β β
β β βββ Crew β - β -32 β -32 β β
β β βββ Losses β - β -3 β -3 β β
β β βββ TOTAL β +135 β -40 β +95 (reserve) β β
β β β β β β β
β β COβ (kg/day) β β β β β
β β βββ Crew β +40 β - β +40 β β
β β βββ ISRU β +100 (buffer) β - β +100 β β
β β βββ Plants β - β -120 β -120 β β
β β βββ Losses β - β -2 β -2 β β
β β βββ TOTAL β +140 β -122 β +18 (buffer) β β
β β β β
β β β
System runs Oβ surplus (safety margin) β β
β β β
COβ from Mars atmosphere via ISRU supplements crew output β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL PARAMETERS:
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β GREENHOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL ZONES: β
β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β ZONE TYPE β TEMP (Β°C) β HUMIDITY β COβ (ppm) β CROP TYPES β β
β β βββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺβββββββββββͺββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββ β
β β Cool Zone β 15-20 β 60-70% β 1000-1200 β Leafy greens β β
β β β β β β Brassicas β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Temperate β 20-25 β 50-65% β 1000-1400 β Tomatoes β β
β β Zone β β β β Peppers β β
β β β β β β Legumes β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Warm Zone β 25-30 β 55-70% β 800-1200 β Cucumbers β β
β β β β β β Melons β β
β β β β β β Sweet potato β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Tropical β 28-32 β 70-85% β 800-1000 β Rice β β
β β Zone β β β β Tropical β β
β β β β β β fruits β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Aquatic Zone β 22-26 β 80-90% β Variable β Algae β β
β β (enclosed) β (water: β β β Duckweed β β
β β β 20-24) β β β Fish β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β HVAC SPECIFICATIONS: β
β βββ Air changes per hour: 10-15 (high for COβ distribution) β
β βββ Air velocity at canopy: 0.3-0.5 m/s (prevents stagnation) β
β βββ Heating capacity: 50 kW total (rarely needed - LED heat gain) β
β βββ Cooling capacity: 150 kW total (reject LED waste heat) β
β βββ Dehumidification: 150 kg/hour capacity (condensate recovery) β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ3. LED Grow Light Systems
3.1 LED Technology Specifications
ADVANCED LED GROW LIGHT SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
LIGHT SCIENCE FUNDAMENTALS:
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHOTON FLUX (PPF) AND PLANT REQUIREMENTS: β
β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β PHOTOSYNTHESIS EFFICIENCY vs WAVELENGTH β β
β β β β
β β Relative β β
β β Absorption β β
β β 100% β€ Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a β β
β β β peak peak β β
β β 80% β€ ββ ββ β β
β β β ββββ ββββ β β
β β 60% β€ ββββββ Chlorophyll b ββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββ peak ββββββββ β β
β β 40% β€ ββββββββββ ββ ββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββ ββββ ββββββββββββ β β
β β 20% β€ ββββββββββββββ ββββββ ββββββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββ ββββββββββββββββ β β
β β 0% βΌββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm β β
β β βββ BLUE ββΊβββ GREEN ββΊββββ RED βββΊβββ FAR RED ββΊβ β β
β β β β
β β KEY WAVELENGTHS: β β
β β βββ 450 nm (Deep Blue): Vegetative growth, compact plants β β
β β βββ 660 nm (Deep Red): Photosynthesis maximum, flowering β β
β β βββ 730 nm (Far Red): Phytochrome response, stem elongation β β
β β βββ 520 nm (Green): Canopy penetration, photomorphogenesis β β
β β βββ 380 nm (UV-A): Secondary metabolites, pest resistance β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β LIGHT MEASUREMENT UNITS: β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β TERM β UNIT β DESCRIPTION β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β PPF (Photosynthetic β ΞΌmol/s β Total photons 400-700nm β β
β β Photon Flux) β β emitted by light source β β
β β β β β β
β β PPFD (PPF Density) β ΞΌmol/mΒ²/s β Photon density at plant β β
β β β β surface (intensity) β β
β β β β β β
β β DLI (Daily Light β mol/mΒ²/day β Total daily photons β β
β β Integral) β β = PPFD Γ hours Γ 0.0036 β β
β β β β β β
β β Efficacy β ΞΌmol/J β Photons per joule of β β
β β β β electrical energy β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
ARES LED FIXTURE SPECIFICATIONS:
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
β β
β PRIMARY FIXTURE TYPE: "MARS-GROW 600" MODULAR LED ARRAY β
β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β LED FIXTURE DIAGRAM β β
β β β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β HEAT SINK ββ β β
β β β β (Aluminum finned, water-cooled option) ββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β DRIVER BOARD ββ β β
β β β β (Multi-channel PWM, 0-100% dimming) ββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β DEEP RED ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β HYPER RED ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β DEEP BLUE ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β WHITE 4000K ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β FAR RED ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β GREEN ββ β β
β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β β UV-A ββ β β
β β β β ββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β SECONDARY OPTICS ββ β β
β β β β (90Β° or 120Β° beam angle lenses) ββ β β
β β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β β β
β β DIMENSIONS: 1200mm Γ 600mm Γ 80mm β β
β β WEIGHT: 12 kg (dry), 14 kg (with water cooling) β β
β β β β
β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β FIXTURE ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS: β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β PARAMETER β VALUE β NOTES β β
β β ββββββββββββββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β Input power β 600 W β At full output β β
β β Input voltage β 48 VDC β Central DC distribution β β
β β PPF output β 1,920 ΞΌmol/s β Total photon flux β β
β β Efficacy β 3.2 ΞΌmol/J β Industry-leading β β
β β Coverage area β 2.0 mΒ² β At 0.5m height β β
β β PPFD at canopy β 800-1000 ΞΌmol/mΒ²/s β Adjustable β β
β β Dimming range β 10-100% β Per channel β β
β β Spectrum channels β 7 β Independent control β β
β β LED lifespan β 60,000 hours β To 90% output (L90) β β
β β Operating temp β -10 to +45Β°C β Ambient β β
β β IP rating β IP65 β Splash-proof β β
β β β β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β
β SPECTRUM COMPOSITION (Full Spectrum Grow): β
β ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β
β β β β
β β CHANNEL β WAVELENGTH β POWER β % OF TOTAL β FUNCTION β β
β β ββββββββββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺβββββββββͺβββββββββββββͺββββββββββββββββ β
β β Deep Red β 660 nm β 240 W β 40% β Photosynthesisβ β
β β Hyper Red β 640 nm β 60 W β 10% β Supplemental β β
β β Deep Blue β 450 nm β 120 W β 20% β Veg growth β β
β β White (4000K) β Broadband β 90 W β 15% β Full spectrum β β
β β Far Red β 730 nm β 36 W β 6% β Flowering β β
β β Green β 520 nm β 30 W β 5% β Penetration β β
β β UV-A β 385 nm β 24 W β 4% β Secondary met β β
β β βββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ β β
β β TOTAL β - β 600 W β 100% β β β
β β
User:I am working on this task: "Develop Closed-Loop Life Support and Food Production" - Create sustainable life support systems achieving 95%+ resource recycling for water, oxygen, and waste processing. Design agricultural systems capable of providing 50%+ of nutritional needs within first year, scaling to 90%+ by year three. Must support 40 colonists with redundancy and growth capacity.
Please help me complete this specific subtask: "Select and test Mars-optimized crop varieties (potatoes, soybeans, wheat)"
Be thorough and detailed in your response.
AI:The user is asking me to help with a specific subtask related to Mars colonization life support syst...